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Plastic mulch is extruded from clear polyethylene resin into sheets of film of varying widths and lengths. In its natural state, plastic is clear, so carbon black is added to make it black. Generally, the thickness is 1.0 to 1.1 mil (1 mil = 1/1000 inch) although thinner materials are available in high density poyethylene. Because of the inherent physical properties of black plastic mulch, it modifies the micro-climate around plants, enhancing growth, yield, and quality of horticultural crops.
Over many years of experimentation and use since the late 1950's black plastic has proved to be a boost to agricultural productivity.
Here are some of the advantages you can expect when using black plastic:
- Earlier and higher yields even though there will be variations from year to year.
- Weed control. Because the mulch is black, light is not transmitted through the plastic and therefore weeds will not grow under the material.
- Soil temperature increases 3° to 5°F under the mulch at soil depths of 2 to 6 inches. This is the area of greatest root growth early in the season. Warm roots grow faster and accelerate plant growth.
- Evaporation of soil moisture is reduced. Plastic mulch is impervious to water. Any evaporation of soil moisture occurs only through the planting holes.
- Nutrient leaching is reduced during excessive rainy periods.
- Easy to install and durable. Plastic mulch is flexible and stretchable. It will conform to both flat and raised beds. Strong enough for either double cropping in the same season or possibly over two seasons. Easy field removal.
Product Description: Black embossed 4' x 6000', 0.7 mil high density polyethylene, 86 pounds/roll. 4' x 600' rolls also available.
Installation Tips
- Prepare soil well. It should be smooth and pliable.
- Do not lay plastic on dry soil.
- Carefully adjust plastic laying machine.
- Plastic should be in close contact with the soil for maximum heat transfer into the soil.
- Be sure the edges of the plastic are well secured with soil.
Crops that are suited for black plastic mulch (SRM-Black)
- Vegetables -- warm season and cool season crops that are transplanted and for direct seeded crops that are seeded in hills such as cucumbers and squash.
- Small fruits -- strawberries in annual hill system
- Cut flowers
Embossed vs. Smooth Mulch
Generally, embossed mulch has greater stretchability than smooth. It is highly recommended for raised beds where the plastic mulch should fit snug and firm over the bed.
References for further information:
- Tarara, Julie M. 2000. Microclimate modification with plastic mulch. HortScience 35(2):169-180.
- Plastics website: http://www.plasticulture.org
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